Clinical signs

• Uremia: clinical signs of renal failure:
• Confusion, obtundation
• Intractable nausea and vomiting
• Generalized pruritus
• Restlessness
• Oliguria: urine output of less than 400 cc/24 hours
• Intractable hyperkalemia: persistent serum potassium more than 7.0 not responsive to medical treatment
• Uremic pericarditis
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Intractable fluid overload

Laboratory criteria

• Both must be present:
  • Creatinine clearance of less than 10 cc/minute
  • Serum creatinine of more than 8.0 mg/dl